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Can't synchronize with repository "(default)" (Unsupported version control system "svn": /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/libsvn/_fs.so: failed to map segment from shared object: Cannot allocate memory). Look in the Trac log for more information.
無人值守自動安裝 Ubuntu 光碟
背景知識
- <參考文件> Install CD Customization (客製化安裝光碟)
- <備註一> 文件中提到這種方式是針對 Alternative 或 Server 版本的安裝光碟,因此不適用 Desktop 版本的安裝光碟。
- <筆記一> 文件中第一段提到 Ubuntu 從 6.06 版以後的 Alternative 與 Server 版本安裝光碟,目錄結構大致上包含三部份。以下採用 Ubuntu 10.10 PC (Intel x86) alternate install CD 為例:
~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS
Release: 10.04
Codename: lucid
~$ wget http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu-cd/10.10/ubuntu-10.10-alternate-i386.iso
~$ mkdir -p /opt/cd-image
~$ sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-10.10-alternate-i386.iso /cdrom
~$ ls -al /cdrom
總計 203
dr-xr-xr-x 11 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:48 .
drwxrwxrwx 12 root root 4096 2011-10-26 17:07 ..
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:48 boot ### (1)
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 1118 2010-10-04 23:27 cdromupgrade
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 .disk ### (2)
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 dists ### (3)
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 doc
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:48 install ### (1)
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2010-10-07 23:48 isolinux ### (1)
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 166833 2010-10-07 23:49 md5sum.txt
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 pics
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 pool ### (3)
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 preseed ### (2)
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 227 2010-10-07 23:47 README.diskdefines
lr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 1 2010-10-07 23:47 ubuntu -> . ### (3)
- 第一個部份是 Boot Loader - 之後要改變開機時看到的第一個畫面,就是改這一個部份。
boot-loader (ISOLINUX on AMD64/x86 systems, yaboot on PowerPC) and its configuration (which starts everything up);
- 從 10.10 alternative cd 的結構來看,主要包括這兩個目錄:
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:48 boot
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2010-10-07 23:48 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:48 install
- 第二個部份是 Debian Installer (亦稱為 d-i) - 這一塊則是決定自動安裝的程序(亦即 preseed 的腳本跟自動安裝的相關 Shell Script)
debian-installer (also known as d-i, which in this case is really a specialized miniature Ubuntu system);
- 從 10.10 alternative cd 的結構來看,主要包括這兩個目錄:
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 preseed
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 .disk
- 第三個部份是 Debian 套件庫 - 這一塊是用在當不透過網路安裝時,可以把會用到的套件都收錄在光碟,必要時必須自行手動更動這裡面的套件庫。
Debian-style repository structure, which is what takes up disk space in the directories "pool" and "dists".
- 從 10.10 alternative cd 的結構來看,主要包括這三個目錄:
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 dists
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 2010-10-07 23:47 pool
lr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 1 2010-10-07 23:47 ubuntu -> .
- 其餘的檔案,有的是文件檔(Ex. doc、pics)。有的是升級的腳本(cdromupgrade)
- <備註一> boot 目錄中放的是記憶體測試的 GRUB 腳本,install 目錄中放的是開機用的 RAM Disk 跟 Linux 核心。isolinux 則是光碟開機的設定檔存放位置。
~$ cat /cdrom/boot/grub/loopback.cfg
menuentry "Test memory" {
linux16 /install/mt86plus
}
~$ $ tree -L 1 /cdrom/install/
/cdrom/install/
├── initrd.gz ### ISO 光碟開機用 Initial RAM Disk
├── vmlinuz ### ISO 光碟開機用 Linux Kernel
├── mt86plus ### ISO 光碟跑記憶體測試用
├── netboot ### 這個目錄應該是拿來做網路開機光碟用的設定檔
├── README.sbm ### About the Smart Boot Manager image (說明檔)
└── sbm.bin ### Smart Boot Manager image (sbm.bin: DOS floppy 1440k, x86 hard disk boot sector)
- 底下是 isolinux 目錄裡面的檔案關聯圖:

客製化初探
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